What does it mean?
The long term fuel trim and the short term fuel trim provide essential diagnostic data for diagnosing engine problems. In fact, a scan tool reading of the long term fuel trim can lead to a quick fix of a P0174 or P0171 code. Fuel trims are settings which control the amount of fuel entering the engine to achieve a stoichiometric ratio of 14.7:1. The stoichiometric ratio is the volume mixture of air and fuel that will result in complete combustion of the fuel and oxygen.
The car’s computer control will always seek 14.7 liters of air for each liter of gasoline. It is important to remember this fundamental law for your car. Since the stoichiometric ratio is very important to engine performance, there are multiple air sensors and fuel controls that measure the air and fuel entering your car’s engine.
The most common sensors are the Mass Air Flow sensor (MAF), the Intake Air Temperature sensor (IAT), Manifold Air Pressure sensor (MAP), the Short Term Fuel Trim (STFT), the Long Term Fuel Trim (LTFT), and the Oxygen sensor (02). A few examples will explain the interaction of these sensors and their role in engine diagnosis.